A REVIEW ON BIOGAS AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE FROM ORGANIC WASTE IN INDONESIA
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Abstract
Biogas derived from organic waste has gained increasing attention as a renewable energy option that simultaneously addresses energy security, waste management, and environmental sustainability. Indonesia possesses abundant organic waste resources, including livestock manure, agricultural residues, agro-industrial by-products, and municipal organic waste, yet their utilization for biogas production remains limited. This article reviews recent developments in biogas production from organic waste in Indonesia, with emphasis on anaerobic digestion technologies, feedstock characteristics, and biogas utilization pathways. Various digester configurations, pretreatment strategies, and operational parameters that influence biogas yield are discussed, along with applications ranging from household cooking and decentralized electricity generation to the use of biomethane as a transportation fuel. The review also highlights the agronomic potential of digestate as a biofertilizer within a circular economy framework. Despite its significant potential, biogas deployment in Indonesia faces technical, economic, and institutional challenges, including inconsistent feedstock supply, high initial investment costs, and limited policy integration. Strengthening technological adaptation, improving system integration, and enhancing policy support are therefore essential to promote large-scale and sustainable biogas development. Overall, organic waste-based biogas is positioned as a strategic component in Indonesia’s transition toward a resilient and low-carbon energy system.
Keywords:
Biogas, Organic waste, Anaerobic digestion, Renewable energy, IndonesiaReferences
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